The 1980 Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods - CISG is in force for 93 countries that have ratified it, and is applicable in many more States as Lex mercatoria , which makes it the most important conventional commercial instrument globally, in the field of international sales. Thus, around 80% of international contracts for the sale of goods are regulated by this uniform regulation, which is also the most important and numerous in international trade today.

The UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts have become a fundamental regulatory instrument for international legal and commercial operators. Their importance has been ratified by a large number of companies and lawyers who have chosen this regulation as their best tool to face the challenges of commercial globalization. However, their selection - or incorporation - to govern a contract requires a detailed analysis of the system before which the dispute must be raised, since some legal systems are still reluctant to apply them.

In addition to the Vienna Convention, UNCITRAL has carried out a great deal of codification activity in the field of international contracts. These are "modern, fair and harmonized rules on international transactions." Among its texts there are both international treaties - which bind the States parties - and Soft Law instruments. It is therefore essential to have the appropriate advice to understand, with complete clarity, the consequences of applying or taking into consideration any of the instruments of this important forum.

The Incoterms® systematized by the ICC are essential commercial terms in the world of the sale of goods. Whether you are submitting a purchase order, packaging and labeling a shipment for freight transport, or preparing a certificate of origin at a port, the Incoterms® are the fundamental guide. The Incoterms® provide specific guidance to people who participate daily in the import and export of world trade, establishing in a practical and simple way the rights and obligations of the parties. Its application depends exclusively on the will of the parties, hence the convenience of them knowing its content and effects.

The International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC ) model contracts have been the leading standard for all types of consulting, construction and engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contracts for over 50 years. FIDIC models are recognised and used globally in many jurisdictions, on all types of projects. The key to their success is their balanced approach to the roles and responsibilities of the principal parties, as well as the allocation and management of risk. These models have been tested on thousands of successful projects worldwide.

Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) allow the linking of private capital to State projects for the development of public works and the provision of public services. Therefore, PPPs are considered complementary investment mechanisms, with which additional financing is obtained for the public sector, while attracting efficiencies from the private sector. Often the private entity is a foreign company, so the already complex regime of State contracting is combined with the need to resolve the problems inherent to international contracting.